7 Essential Elements Accelerating 5G Rollouts

5G is no longer just a promise—it’s very real, even though implementation is in its infancy. There are two examples from 2019 that demonstrate that 5G implementations are materializing. One is thatVerizon launched 5G service in all its NFL football stadiums。另一个例子是，在韩国，5G用户达到了more than 2 millionby August of that year - just four months after local carriers commercially launched the technology. In this post, we explore what’s advancing 5G in these areas such as small cell densification, spectrum gathering, spectrum sharing and massive MIMO. Although it will take time to become ubiquitous, 5G is expected to be the fastest-growing mobile technology ever. According to the全球移动供应商协会（GSA），5G比4G LTE更快地扩展 - 大约两年快。GSA最近发布的数据指出，超过50个运营商推出了5G移动网络，并且在世界各地提供至少60种不同的5G移动设备。

To obtain the bandwidth in FR1 and FR2, more spectrum must be allocated. Already, regulators in roughly 40 countries have allocated new frequencies and enabled re-farming of LTE spectrum. However, much more will be needed. To provide at least some of that, 54 countries plan to allocate more spectrum between now and the end of 2022, according to the GSA.

3. 4G to 5G Network Progression

5G Radio Access Network (RAN) is designed to work with existing 4G LTE networks. 3GPP allowed for multiple New Radio (NR) deployment options. Thus, making it easier for MNOs to migrate to 5G by way of a Non-Standalone (NSA) to Standalone (SA) option, as shown in the figure below.

4. Dynamic Spectrum Sharing

动态频谱共享（DSS）是一种新技术，可以进一步帮助将4G到5G的迁移平滑。使用DSS，操作员可以允许4G和5G用户共享相同的光谱，而不是必须将每个频谱专用于4G或5G。这意味着运营商可以更有效地使用其网络，并通过根据用户的需求分配容量来更有效地优化用户体验。因此，随着5G用户的数量增加，网络可以动态地将更多的总容量传递给每个用户。

5. Millimeter Wave (mmWave)

5G networks can deliver the highest data rates by using mmWave FR2 spectrum, where large expanses of bandwidth are available. mmWave is now a reality: 5G networks are using it for FWA and mobile devices and will apply it for other use cases in the future. Operators expect to roll out FWA to more homes, as 5G network deployment expands and suitable home equipment becomes available.

6. 巨大的mimo.

MIMO（多输入和多输出）通过采用多个天线来增加数据速度和网络容量，以使用相同的带宽传递若干数据流。今天的许多LTE基站已经使用了多达8个天线来传输数据，但5G引入了大规模的MIMO，它使用32或64天线，也许在将来更多。MIMO对于MMWAVE尤其重要，因为多个天线聚焦发射和接收信号以增加数据速率并补偿高频处的传播损耗。这带来了巨大的吞吐量和能效。

7. rffe创新，可实现5g

Innovation in RF front-end (RFFE) technologies are needed to truly enable the vision of 5G. As handsets, base stations and other devices become sleeker and smaller, the RFFE will need to pack more performance into less space while becoming more energy-efficient. Some RF technologies are key in achieving these goals for 5G. They include:

• Gallium Nitride (GaN).GaN is well suited for high-power transistors capable of operating at high temperatures. The potential of GaN PAs in 5G is only beginning to be realized. Their high RF power, low DC power consumption, small form factor, and high reliability enable equipment manufacturers to make base stations that are smaller and lighter in weight. By using GaN PAs, operators can achieve the high effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) output specifications for mmWave transmissions with fewer antenna array elements and lower power consumption. This results in lighter-weight systems that are less expensive to install.
• Baw过滤器。The big increase in the number of bands and carrier aggregation (CA) combinations used for 5G, combined with the need to coexist with many other wireless standards, means that high-performance filters are essential to avoid interference. With their small footprint, excellent performance, and affordability, surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters are the primary types of filters used in 5G mobile devices.

以上只是新发布的简短摘录5g rf为Qorvo的第二版。我们鼓励你download our FREE e-bookfor more insights into the wireless world of 5G.