V2X在未来的连通汽车中

数字车不再是未来的概念。汽车连接 - 或“已关连汽车”应用 - 现在已达到批判性需求。让我们来看看将汽车连接到环境（V2X），云（远程信息处理）和乘客和驱动程序的信息娱乐的系统和网络。

This blog is an excerpt from Chapter 2 of our e-book,连接的汽车的假人®。

V2X：连接到环境

The connected car, as depicted in the figure below, fits nicely into the在IOT周围开发生态系统。虽然我们通常会想到车辆到车辆（V2V）连接 - 随着车道阻塞或自动制动警报，但即将通过多方面连接的基础设施和移动设备驱动的智能城市的连通车是一个组件。

想象一下，交通灯根据流量模式自动更改或响应通勤需求，或者您的汽车能够为停车位搜索几个城市街区 -all enabled by the IoT。

V2X senses the environment to enable next-generation autonomy and real-time monitoring in the connected car. There are currently two key standards for V2X:

• 电气电子工程师协会（IEEE）802.11p：802.11p在包括车辆和路边单元（RSUS）中的车辆环境（波浪）中的无线访问包括专用的短程通信（DSRC）设备（RSUS）。这是对流行的802.11无线（Wi-Fi）网络标准的修正案。DSRC在5.9 GigaHertz（GHz）频段中运行，带宽为75 Megahertz（MHz），约为1000米的近似范围。
• Cellular vehicular-to-everything (C‑V2X) cellular long-term evolution (LTE):C-V2X旨在通过使用5.9 GHz智能运输系统（ITS）频段为V2V，V2I和车辆到行人（V2P）中的低延迟直接传输来支持主动安全性，并通过检测和交换信息来帮助提高情境感知。情况，无需蜂窝订阅或任何网络援助。C-V2X由第三代伙伴关系项目（3GPP）版本14规范，包括基于PC5的直接通信，具有明显的进化路径，朝向5G新的无线电（5GNR）。

下表比较了DSRC和C-V2X。

车辆安全是V2X的常见应用，包括：

• V2V:For example, collision avoidance
• V2I：For example, dynamic traffic signaling
• V2P:For example, transmitting safety alerts to pedestrians and bicyclists
• V2N:Vehicle-to-network — for example, real-time traffic and weather, custom navigation, and other cloud services

V2X还将实现更高效的车队管理和与V2V通信的排。

最后，v2x正在用于增强高级驾驶员辅助系统（ADA）中的功能。ADA通常采用相机和雷达传感器，以提供围绕车辆的可见性，以约200米。V2X应用程序可以共享和协调信息，以扩展多达几公里的ADA的有效范围。

Tip:LiDAR technologies such as onboard safety systems and sensors — for example, lasers, scanners, photodetector receivers, and GPS — also work alongside V2X and will be key enablers of autonomous vehicles.

Telematics: Vehicles Communicating with the Cloud

远程信息处理为IOT集成和云服务提供高带宽连接。只需一段时间，即可在商用车中使用远程信息处理，以帮助企业监控并优化各种操作因素，例如：

• Fuel consumption
• Vehicle maintenance
• 舰队利用率
• Vehicle location
• 最佳路由
• Driver behavior

Telematics in the connected car of the future will encompass all cellular standards to deliver 1 gigabit per second (Gbps) capabilities, quickly following leading smartphone capabilities.

技术资料：Gigabit LTE将被包括在从smartp吗hones and laptops to portable hot spots and vehicles. Gigabit LTE refers to LTE Category 16 (CAT16 LTE) downstream, which was introduced in 3GPP Release 12. Today’s implementations have Gigabit LTE paired with LTE Category 13 uplink for uploads up to 150 Mbps. CAT16 LTE is leading to 5G low latency and higher reliability employing 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 3x20 megahertz (MHz) carrier aggregation (CA), and 4x4 multiple input/multiple output (MIMO). QAM, CA, and MIMO are combined in various configurations for each LTE Category, resulting in their rated maximum speeds. The actual rated downlink speed achieved through this combination of technologies is not quite 1 Gbps, but close — 979 megabits per second (Mbps).

汽车中的远程信息处理单元将是汽车的主要数据连接，快速要求更多的数据作为汽车制造商试图匹配智能手机服务。移动电信运营商和车辆OEM将被激励将远程信息系统销毁给汽车，这将推动远程信息处理系统的复杂性。下图说明了远程蜂窝前端模块（FEM）。

A key advantage of telematics over smartphones is antenna performance. In automobile telematics, the antenna is typically located in the shark fin, outside the car’s metal body. A smartphone located inside a vehicle means the antenna is within the metal body of the car. This degrades antenna performance, unless your dog is using your smartphone, in which case his head is sticking outside the window! Why? Because the vehicle acts like a Faraday cage — a grounded metal screen surrounding a piece of equipment, which excludes electrostatic and electromagnetic influences. To mitigate this Faraday cage effect, vehicle manufacturers are adding all telematics antennas, including cellular, to the shark fin. This allows users to connect their smartphones to the vehicle, thereby eliminating the Faraday cage effect.

Tip:Automakers may be forced to support multiple carriers using Dual subscriber identity module (SIM) dual active (DSDA) technology. You can learn more about DSDA in Chapter 4 of连接的汽车的假人。

Infotainment: People Interacting with Vehicles

Today’s infotainment systems allow passengers to connect outside the car as well as inside the car. Some infotainment applications include entertainment (including high-definition and satellite radio), navigation, search, and more. Key enabling protocols include Wi‑Fi andBluetooth®technology (see the following figure).

Wi‑Fi hot spots in the car will be the primary connection that will enable a multi-user interface similar to家庭Wi-Fi网络今天。Wi-Fi将通过连通汽车中的远程信息处理单元提供1 Gbps数据，由汽车的所有乘客使用。Wi-Fi热点和V2X的新实施的繁重使用也将在连接的汽车中创造新的安全挑战。例如，V2X和5 GHz Wi-Fi将具有巨大的频谱共存挑战，这需要成为addressed using innovative filter products。

Filter productsreduce out-of-band interferences between radio frequency (RF) bands such as cellular, Wi‑Fi, Bluetooth frequencies, and so on. Many of these bands are very close to each other and filtering is required to manage interference between systems. For example, within the 2.4 GHz Wi‑Fi band, there is an increased potential forinterference with cellular communications, like band 41 in the 4G LTE band. RF designers use coexistence filters to address the potential for transmitted Wi‑Fi signals to desensitize LTE receiver reception, and for LTE signals to interfere with Wi‑Fi communications.Bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filtersare very effective at meeting these requirements.

Tip:To learn more about RF filters, download a free copy ofRF Filter Technologies For DummiesandRF Filter Applications For Dummies在m.peiqingedu.com/design-hub/ebooks/filters-for-dummies。

Filters also aid in providing a safety factor. Proper bandpass filters mitigate interferences between bands such as the cellular LTE band 13 and the public safety band used by the United States public safety services. Without these filters, safety services could be interrupted.

As more vehicle and network services are added, design challenges will follow. The vehicle is becoming crammed with many RF signals, increased data processing, and more functionality. Negotiating the intricate balance between each of these within the vehicle are discussed further in Chapter 4 of连接的汽车的假人。

想了解更多关于未来的连通车吗？下载您的Qorvo的免费副本连接的汽车的假人电子书。

- 摘录John Wiley＆Sons，Inc。的许可连接的汽车的假人。